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3 y$ t$ }& `! l/ O/ G! d) L6 E/ gIntegral Abutment Bridge Design Guidelines(92 Pages)
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Integral Abutment Bridge Design Guidelines.pdf
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
. R8 f9 s" B7 r1 S5 \Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................................vii
% G6 r; q" F6 R3 {$ NIntroduction.....................................................................................................................................................xi
0 S( y. c* T* J5 s0 m$ USECTION 1 Introduction to Integral Abutment Bridges...............................................................................1-1
# G' h# M% Z Y7 L+ U1.1 Integral Abutment Bridge................................................................................................................1-1
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1.2 Difference from Conventional Bridges............................................................................................1-1
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1.3 Document Precedence.....................................................................................................................1-1
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1.4 Definitions......................................................................................................................................1-1
5 s- A) t% J9 u0 D4 W4 b1.5 Notation..........................................................................................................................................1-3
3 T/ |" d% _- E4 Y2 q: J `0 sSECTION 2 General Design and Location Features.....................................................................................2-1
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2.1 First Choice.....................................................................................................................................2-1
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2.2 Structure Geometrical Criteria.........................................................................................................2-1
. r, t1 A5 c! M0 s% N2 G2.2.1 Criteria for the Simplified Design Method.............................................................................2-1
9 r$ [% r7 `0 v; F# r" a% Y& y1 y* o2.2.2 Detailed Design for Projects That Exceed the Criteria for Simplified Design......................2-2
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2.2.3 Semi-Integral, Jointed and Other Structural Alternatives......................................................2-2
% N: A Y( |, u9 v* {( e v. Z2.3 Laying out the Bridge......................................................................................................................2-3
# o2 S) O. i: l/ K" ?* e {2.3.1 Conventional Layout..............................................................................................................2-3
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2.3.2 Ideal Layout...........................................................................................................................2-3
) {* I/ c/ Y8 p, o1 f2.4 Hydraulic RequirementS.................................................................................................................2-5
" W7 @: N4 n3 Y. h. U1 `2.4.1 Scour Considerations..............................................................................................................2-6
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2.4.2 Cofferdam Requirements.......................................................................................................2-6
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2.5 Geotechnical...................................................................................................................................2-6
" G1 b( t: F6 X6 iSECTION 3 Loads........................................................................................................................................3-1
) A" T5 ^8 Z; Z5 i! k$ i% u3 J3.1 General Information........................................................................................................................3-1
4 H2 M h$ f) q% y- h) _. T3.2 Application of Loads.......................................................................................................................3-1
2 l5 v) H/ A6 ]. A) }: {! f3.2.1 Construction Stage.................................................................................................................3-1
0 c+ x0 x+ c) R3 ^5 I' d3.2.1.1 Permanent Dead Loads on Pile Cap..............................................................................3-1
1 K( ?- g+ U: _( n* o3.2.1.2 Construction Dead and Live Loads...............................................................................3-1
" c8 S. g$ j* T3.2.1.3 Permanent Dead Load on Piles.....................................................................................3-1
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3.2.2 Final Stage.............................................................................................................................3-1
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3.2.2.1 Composite Permanent Dead Loads...............................................................................3-2
) C; J9 C P9 z3.2.2.2 Live Loads....................................................................................................................3-2
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3.2.2.3 Longitudinal Effects.....................................................................................................3-2
' i% f F/ x1 r0 l# c( L3.2.2.4 Earth Loads...................................................................................................................3-2
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SECTION 4 Structural Analysis and Evaluation...........................................................................................4-1
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4.1 General Information........................................................................................................................4-1
1 r. l* s% U$ @7 V0 P4.2 Structural Design Criteria................................................................................................................4-1
0 V1 k' K3 o( H" ^4.3 Design Methodology......................................................................................................................4-1
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4.3.1 Simplified Design Method.....................................................................................................4-1
% x8 e+ B+ s% x4.3.2 Detailed Design......................................................................................................................4-2
7 B3 o+ {: r1 G1 }& h D, w4.4 Superstructure.................................................................................................................................4-2
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4.4.1 Bridge End and Anchorage General Details..........................................................................4-2
3 M3 d( m8 Z- J5 h' G+ e" G7 `! E4.5 Substructure....................................................................................................................................4-3
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4.5.1 Abutment Movement..............................................................................................................4-3
: Z+ s+ q* x( `- v" J0 N; H# r- b4.5.1.1 Thermal Movement.......................................................................................................4-3
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4.5.1.2 Shrinkage and Creep.....................................................................................................4-4
- X0 [+ ^. P4 L# j. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
) R' S7 }( ~ I% L/ a$ \Vermont Agency of Transportation
# V; N3 W% s r8 D8 {5 Pviii 2008VTRANS INTEGRAL ABUTMENT DESIGN GUIDELINE
6 N' H9 g. M- k- [6 R- \" z |4.5.1.3 Total Allowable Movement..........................................................................................4-4
0 A2 ^4 X# @4 C7 U4.5.1.4 Grade of Steel...............................................................................................................4-4
, t0 A8 X3 ]+ d& X6 N8 F2 B6 Q4.5.1.5 Pile Selection................................................................................................................4-4
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4.5.1.6 Pile Orientation.............................................................................................................4-9
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4.5.2 Pile Design............................................................................................................................4-9
) Z% h! S8 V& h* ?) Q( g4.5.2.1 L-Pile Software Analysis............................................................................................4-11
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4.5.2.1.1 Lateral Load at Pile Head.......................................................................................4-11
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4.5.2.1.2 Pile Deflection and Moment..................................................................................4-11
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4.5.2.1.3 Unbraced Lengths..................................................................................................4-12
0 B* \, u5 ]; g4 [0 y4 e- b4.5.2.1.4 Depth to Fixity.......................................................................................................4-12
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4.5.2.2 Combined Axial Compression and Flexure................................................................4-16
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4.5.3 Pile Cap...............................................................................................................................4-16
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4.5.4 Wingwall Design..................................................................................................................4-16
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4.6 Project Notes and Special Provisions............................................................................................4-16
0 R5 \, _# E8 F4.7 Load Rating..................................................................................................................................4-16
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SECTION 5 Concrete Structures...................................................................................................................5-1
/ A+ E* F- C( u& a5.1 General Information........................................................................................................................5-1
" G; u/ x5 W. R% U1 {( M5.2 Prestress Superstructure Specific Details........................................................................................5-1
( r& {5 Q) o1 n) [5.2.1 Voided Slab and Box Beam Bridge Decks............................................................................5-1
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5.2.2 Northeast Bulb-T (NEBT)......................................................................................................5-2
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5.2.2.1 Cast-In-Place Concrete Slab Decks..............................................................................5-4
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5.2.3 Design for Frame Action (Negative Moment) at Ends of Deck.............................................5-4
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SECTION 6 Steel Structures........................................................................................................................6-1
' V( b, i- u9 m" v) f6.1 General Information........................................................................................................................6-1
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6.2 Steel Girder Specific Details...........................................................................................................6-1
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SECTION 7 Aluminum Structures................................................................................................................7-1
' w6 [7 W$ h3 P7.1 General Information........................................................................................................................7-1
* n6 ~9 w# S$ V- qSECTION 8 Wood Structures.......................................................................................................................8-1
/ |- l4 x$ ^, z, v g+ V" M8.1 General Information........................................................................................................................8-1
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SECTION 9 Deck and Deck Systems............................................................................................................9-1
9 t \8 T v9 U. ~4 `( ^" j9 e9.1 General Information........................................................................................................................9-1
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SECTION 10 Foundations..........................................................................................................................10-1
% b- _6 \$ e% w S2 r10.1 Initial Considerations................................................................................................................10-1
4 U5 J1 Q. F8 z$ o4 v10.1.1 Geotechnical Exploration.....................................................................................................10-1
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10.1.2 Pile Design and Verification................................................................................................10-1
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10.1.3 Required Information for Contract Documents....................................................................10-1
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10.2 Selecting a Pile for Integral Abutments....................................................................................10-1
: j' ?2 a3 x, q' o0 f! X$ b% U- o1 f10.2.1 Loads on Piles......................................................................................................................10-1
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10.2.2 Pile Cap Geometry...............................................................................................................10-2
# A) h' T: \8 l% A10.2.2.1 Number of Piles and Pile Spacing..............................................................................10-2
# X$ d, o0 G; f# O, ?; {5 ~$ [10.2.2.2 Pile Groups.................................................................................................................10-2
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10.2.2.3 Pile Length Requirement............................................................................................10-2
* I+ {# D1 f5 r5 O" F& e10.3 Service Limit State....................................................................................................................10-2
% d' b" I/ s: N10.4 Strength Limit State..................................................................................................................10-2
* X4 J6 v0 ~" ^: I+ m10.4.1 Nominal Structural Pile Resistance (NSPR)........................................................................10-3
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10.4.2 Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR)..............................................................................10-3
% v) L3 s/ L7 w$ O10.4.3 Downdrag and Other Losses to Geotechnical Strength.......................................................10-3
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10.4.4 Strength Limit State Resistance Factors for Driven Piles....................................................10-3
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. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
" V/ Z* R8 s5 C* ?4 s( f, Z7 z, B9 b
Vermont Agency of Transportation
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
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10.5 Pile Driving Analysis................................................................................................................10-4
8 P5 N9 g$ O- I. O4 t# X) b10.5.1 Pile Driving Concerns..........................................................................................................10-4
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10.5.2 Maximum Pile Driving Stress..............................................................................................10-4
4 ]5 B1 G! _! ]10.5.3 Nominal Pile Driving Resistance (NPDR)...........................................................................10-5
* D" b9 ^: Q1 r; c9 H5 |+ Y/ e8 c10.5.3.1 Verification of the Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR) in Compression............10-5
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10.5.4 Resistance Factors for Verifying the NAPR........................................................................10-5
1 a! r, X. ?: p10.6 Design Steps for Piles...............................................................................................................10-6
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SECTION 11 Abutment, Piers and Walls....................................................................................................11-1
! s) X* t7 L) v/ r11.1 General Information..................................................................................................................11-1
9 a# v6 r. R/ b% s4 G2 {2 L, aSECTION 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners....................................................................................12-1
- D8 g$ {+ u. C% I* C; O3 ^12.1 General Information..................................................................................................................12-1
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SECTION 13 Railings................................................................................................................................13-1
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13.1 General Information..................................................................................................................13-1
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SECTION 14 Joints and Bearings...............................................................................................................14-1
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14.1 General Information..................................................................................................................14-1
7 q! W5 W$ x" m6 ~% ]SECTION 15 Summary..............................................................................................................................15-1
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SECTION 16 References............................................................................................................................16-1
- \# k3 u$ W$ H* O" N2 b16.1 General Information..................................................................................................................16-1
8 u# V, D+ X! r16.2 Performance.............................................................................................................................16-1
4 y9 s& E) L6 k16.3 Design Issues............................................................................................................................16-2
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16.4 Analysis....................................................................................................................................16-2
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16.5 Approach Slabs.........................................................................................................................16-2
, Y" E( X# q; P+ f$ ~! \16.6 Forces.......................................................................................................................................16-2
5 L- I) S1 k! B: J0 f8 X16.7 State Manual References...........................................................................................................16-3
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Appendix A Design Outline.............................................................................................................................1
9 a, q, a+ w, T- H/ eAppendix B Design Example...........................................................................................................................1
! m/ Q$ r9 L3 \* {& x, [! x$ TNotes:..........................................................................................................................................................16-1
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