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( P& x3 I) P( Y4 t4 eIntegral Abutment Bridge Design Guidelines(92 Pages)
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Integral Abutment Bridge Design Guidelines.pdf
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, ^, s& [: N7 xTABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................................vii
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Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................xi
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SECTION 1 Introduction to Integral Abutment Bridges...............................................................................1-1
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1.1 Integral Abutment Bridge................................................................................................................1-1
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1.2 Difference from Conventional Bridges............................................................................................1-1
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1.3 Document Precedence.....................................................................................................................1-1
5 |! a2 @) J) V6 \, v1.4 Definitions......................................................................................................................................1-1
% r% j% N0 R3 W5 P, ^1.5 Notation..........................................................................................................................................1-3
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SECTION 2 General Design and Location Features.....................................................................................2-1
! g$ y5 |' g! H3 N7 U% x% k3 s2.1 First Choice.....................................................................................................................................2-1
) R3 J6 K; }8 p9 C" L1 U2.2 Structure Geometrical Criteria.........................................................................................................2-1
4 H; {: d( L7 x' Y1 f/ T2.2.1 Criteria for the Simplified Design Method.............................................................................2-1
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2.2.2 Detailed Design for Projects That Exceed the Criteria for Simplified Design......................2-2
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2.2.3 Semi-Integral, Jointed and Other Structural Alternatives......................................................2-2
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2.3 Laying out the Bridge......................................................................................................................2-3
5 N2 C3 L% ~# s9 O2.3.1 Conventional Layout..............................................................................................................2-3
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2.3.2 Ideal Layout...........................................................................................................................2-3
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2.4 Hydraulic RequirementS.................................................................................................................2-5
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2.4.1 Scour Considerations..............................................................................................................2-6
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2.4.2 Cofferdam Requirements.......................................................................................................2-6
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2.5 Geotechnical...................................................................................................................................2-6
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SECTION 3 Loads........................................................................................................................................3-1
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3.1 General Information........................................................................................................................3-1
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3.2 Application of Loads.......................................................................................................................3-1
+ v7 |/ O: F+ @8 P) p7 Z6 o1 s3 B3.2.1 Construction Stage.................................................................................................................3-1
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3.2.1.1 Permanent Dead Loads on Pile Cap..............................................................................3-1
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3.2.1.2 Construction Dead and Live Loads...............................................................................3-1
' N0 e5 L x+ F2 p( t3.2.1.3 Permanent Dead Load on Piles.....................................................................................3-1
/ f; W% U2 \; `3.2.2 Final Stage.............................................................................................................................3-1
+ @6 m6 p1 |& N* G1 `3.2.2.1 Composite Permanent Dead Loads...............................................................................3-2
: f$ W9 {4 @; V* x& Y3.2.2.2 Live Loads....................................................................................................................3-2
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3.2.2.3 Longitudinal Effects.....................................................................................................3-2
6 @) J5 D% \2 c2 l7 M/ O$ S3.2.2.4 Earth Loads...................................................................................................................3-2
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SECTION 4 Structural Analysis and Evaluation...........................................................................................4-1
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4.1 General Information........................................................................................................................4-1
) M7 d( v3 A3 x* t, T) X4.2 Structural Design Criteria................................................................................................................4-1
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4.3 Design Methodology......................................................................................................................4-1
4 g% V0 \4 j7 j5 o7 r. z4.3.1 Simplified Design Method.....................................................................................................4-1
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4.3.2 Detailed Design......................................................................................................................4-2
5 t" D8 S7 }* `! A5 h! l" N4.4 Superstructure.................................................................................................................................4-2
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4.4.1 Bridge End and Anchorage General Details..........................................................................4-2
( F( Y8 Y/ X; O/ r6 C( f: y* V% J4.5 Substructure....................................................................................................................................4-3
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4.5.1 Abutment Movement..............................................................................................................4-3
6 B8 s9 a- ]! \8 A. b4.5.1.1 Thermal Movement.......................................................................................................4-3
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4.5.1.2 Shrinkage and Creep.....................................................................................................4-4
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. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
9 B" K% y3 ]* J, u+ n5 Q" N, {- v0 `Vermont Agency of Transportation
$ a' f) H% M: W! C* Xviii 2008VTRANS INTEGRAL ABUTMENT DESIGN GUIDELINE
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4.5.1.3 Total Allowable Movement..........................................................................................4-4
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4.5.1.4 Grade of Steel...............................................................................................................4-4
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4.5.1.5 Pile Selection................................................................................................................4-4
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4.5.1.6 Pile Orientation.............................................................................................................4-9
5 `+ N% @1 l& K+ I4.5.2 Pile Design............................................................................................................................4-9
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4.5.2.1 L-Pile Software Analysis............................................................................................4-11
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4.5.2.1.1 Lateral Load at Pile Head.......................................................................................4-11
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4.5.2.1.2 Pile Deflection and Moment..................................................................................4-11
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4.5.2.1.3 Unbraced Lengths..................................................................................................4-12
- r& m8 L% S7 e0 Y9 f4.5.2.1.4 Depth to Fixity.......................................................................................................4-12
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4.5.2.2 Combined Axial Compression and Flexure................................................................4-16
$ f2 a# r6 j0 N- c0 w, D( v! v4.5.3 Pile Cap...............................................................................................................................4-16
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4.5.4 Wingwall Design..................................................................................................................4-16
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4.6 Project Notes and Special Provisions............................................................................................4-16
- k, a8 y, x( f& [2 F, Q4.7 Load Rating..................................................................................................................................4-16
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SECTION 5 Concrete Structures...................................................................................................................5-1
( A/ t' Q$ a3 B" r/ w& U5.1 General Information........................................................................................................................5-1
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5.2 Prestress Superstructure Specific Details........................................................................................5-1
3 [* r2 A' W" d" `" \5.2.1 Voided Slab and Box Beam Bridge Decks............................................................................5-1
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5.2.2 Northeast Bulb-T (NEBT)......................................................................................................5-2
1 U# m$ [, [9 m5.2.2.1 Cast-In-Place Concrete Slab Decks..............................................................................5-4
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5.2.3 Design for Frame Action (Negative Moment) at Ends of Deck.............................................5-4
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SECTION 6 Steel Structures........................................................................................................................6-1
- @: b; }0 v7 d; b# d3 _2 o9 r# K6.1 General Information........................................................................................................................6-1
0 j: c# u) } {% J6.2 Steel Girder Specific Details...........................................................................................................6-1
% p* c9 \- M( ESECTION 7 Aluminum Structures................................................................................................................7-1
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& I- k. J. _4 ?0 [! ^& g* W% tSECTION 8 Wood Structures.......................................................................................................................8-1
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8.1 General Information........................................................................................................................8-1
* r9 Q& H; G2 t' {: {' N; sSECTION 9 Deck and Deck Systems............................................................................................................9-1
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9.1 General Information........................................................................................................................9-1
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SECTION 10 Foundations..........................................................................................................................10-1
$ e! _1 H3 ~1 E10.1 Initial Considerations................................................................................................................10-1
# K1 H; P, H* i$ i% s10.1.1 Geotechnical Exploration.....................................................................................................10-1
* W4 E7 g5 Y7 n3 U+ Y* S& T: l10.1.2 Pile Design and Verification................................................................................................10-1
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10.1.3 Required Information for Contract Documents....................................................................10-1
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10.2 Selecting a Pile for Integral Abutments....................................................................................10-1
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10.2.1 Loads on Piles......................................................................................................................10-1
) w' l( `4 R0 k4 {+ h10.2.2 Pile Cap Geometry...............................................................................................................10-2
2 h7 k8 `7 {7 r. \% m# r10.2.2.1 Number of Piles and Pile Spacing..............................................................................10-2
: ~8 F( N* K7 ~7 c10.2.2.2 Pile Groups.................................................................................................................10-2
! F/ u( h6 _- y+ ~# e) Z10.2.2.3 Pile Length Requirement............................................................................................10-2
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10.3 Service Limit State....................................................................................................................10-2
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10.4 Strength Limit State..................................................................................................................10-2
! I/ Y. \8 w8 o' j, C10.4.1 Nominal Structural Pile Resistance (NSPR)........................................................................10-3
' o9 ^ W" n# }7 m: C" W4 B10.4.2 Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR)..............................................................................10-3
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10.4.3 Downdrag and Other Losses to Geotechnical Strength.......................................................10-3
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10.4.4 Strength Limit State Resistance Factors for Driven Piles....................................................10-3
' r: w B0 V, v3 L. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
0 B* x+ ?0 p8 @/ m0 ]4 |+ \Vermont Agency of Transportation
6 a# }: n3 X+ _8 b qTABLE OF CONTENTS ix
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10.5 Pile Driving Analysis................................................................................................................10-4
7 ?5 s( p- o6 J1 a; x10.5.1 Pile Driving Concerns..........................................................................................................10-4
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10.5.2 Maximum Pile Driving Stress..............................................................................................10-4
! u/ D% z# t# b7 b10.5.3 Nominal Pile Driving Resistance (NPDR)...........................................................................10-5
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10.5.3.1 Verification of the Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR) in Compression............10-5
; `/ s7 C: P E. c5 m10.5.4 Resistance Factors for Verifying the NAPR........................................................................10-5
$ q( B$ G' ?1 o4 r2 D10.6 Design Steps for Piles...............................................................................................................10-6
: ]" y' v' {% f+ S. {4 uSECTION 11 Abutment, Piers and Walls....................................................................................................11-1
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11.1 General Information..................................................................................................................11-1
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SECTION 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners....................................................................................12-1
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12.1 General Information..................................................................................................................12-1
3 M0 j1 q$ K! G3 o N8 ]SECTION 13 Railings................................................................................................................................13-1
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13.1 General Information..................................................................................................................13-1
4 ?/ P. l8 A. }SECTION 14 Joints and Bearings...............................................................................................................14-1
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14.1 General Information..................................................................................................................14-1
6 L, C) w, N2 F% y8 J- P& rSECTION 15 Summary..............................................................................................................................15-1
3 N0 N4 a2 ]% P& l3 B* S9 \SECTION 16 References............................................................................................................................16-1
* s6 d& Z7 [# q/ L+ S16.1 General Information..................................................................................................................16-1
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16.2 Performance.............................................................................................................................16-1
, L1 g3 j- b" a16.3 Design Issues............................................................................................................................16-2
* A8 g- t! J' ]6 `, y4 n16.4 Analysis....................................................................................................................................16-2
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16.5 Approach Slabs.........................................................................................................................16-2
1 W& O4 m+ W3 F* @5 u: ]! E16.6 Forces.......................................................................................................................................16-2
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16.7 State Manual References...........................................................................................................16-3
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Appendix A Design Outline.............................................................................................................................1
; L8 S# C" v+ M; H% V( zAppendix B Design Example...........................................................................................................................1
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Notes:..........................................................................................................................................................16-1
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