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Integral Abutment Bridge Design Guidelines(92 Pages)
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Integral Abutment Bridge Design Guidelines.pdf
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% Z. }% {' E! [TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................................vii
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Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................xi
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SECTION 1 Introduction to Integral Abutment Bridges...............................................................................1-1
, c4 C9 w4 |8 d5 W' u+ k0 D: `1.1 Integral Abutment Bridge................................................................................................................1-1
: } ] A" e% G1.2 Difference from Conventional Bridges............................................................................................1-1
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1.3 Document Precedence.....................................................................................................................1-1
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1.4 Definitions......................................................................................................................................1-1
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1.5 Notation..........................................................................................................................................1-3
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SECTION 2 General Design and Location Features.....................................................................................2-1
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2.1 First Choice.....................................................................................................................................2-1
% ?3 G$ f! p) `$ j+ u5 `0 s" p2.2 Structure Geometrical Criteria.........................................................................................................2-1
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2.2.1 Criteria for the Simplified Design Method.............................................................................2-1
- t/ |$ I4 m$ i+ |; b. T" R2.2.2 Detailed Design for Projects That Exceed the Criteria for Simplified Design......................2-2
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2.2.3 Semi-Integral, Jointed and Other Structural Alternatives......................................................2-2
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2.3 Laying out the Bridge......................................................................................................................2-3
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2.3.1 Conventional Layout..............................................................................................................2-3
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2.3.2 Ideal Layout...........................................................................................................................2-3
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2.4 Hydraulic RequirementS.................................................................................................................2-5
/ U0 t3 ?$ p* ^' M# i1 \9 l2.4.1 Scour Considerations..............................................................................................................2-6
Z% [; A3 c9 w; m* u1 O2.4.2 Cofferdam Requirements.......................................................................................................2-6
& r0 t8 ] U( v% z7 E% p2.5 Geotechnical...................................................................................................................................2-6
1 p U# \) I% B$ P0 E# aSECTION 3 Loads........................................................................................................................................3-1
: k9 }9 Q$ b3 [. T6 I+ B3.1 General Information........................................................................................................................3-1
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3.2 Application of Loads.......................................................................................................................3-1
. o* w- F9 v: _- ?4 U6 l3.2.1 Construction Stage.................................................................................................................3-1
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3.2.1.1 Permanent Dead Loads on Pile Cap..............................................................................3-1
" e9 p" m. S8 P. W9 Q3.2.1.2 Construction Dead and Live Loads...............................................................................3-1
3 s, ]+ h8 {: C `7 ?3 g+ ^: j3.2.1.3 Permanent Dead Load on Piles.....................................................................................3-1
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3.2.2 Final Stage.............................................................................................................................3-1
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3.2.2.1 Composite Permanent Dead Loads...............................................................................3-2
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3.2.2.3 Longitudinal Effects.....................................................................................................3-2
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3.2.2.4 Earth Loads...................................................................................................................3-2
5 J$ F* k+ l4 Y5 o" ]/ _+ @SECTION 4 Structural Analysis and Evaluation...........................................................................................4-1
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4.1 General Information........................................................................................................................4-1
, @ ]- d0 m" v4.2 Structural Design Criteria................................................................................................................4-1
; T0 p, i; C7 x' w; P, j4.3 Design Methodology......................................................................................................................4-1
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4.3.1 Simplified Design Method.....................................................................................................4-1
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4.3.2 Detailed Design......................................................................................................................4-2
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4.4 Superstructure.................................................................................................................................4-2
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4.4.1 Bridge End and Anchorage General Details..........................................................................4-2
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4.5 Substructure....................................................................................................................................4-3
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4.5.1 Abutment Movement..............................................................................................................4-3
/ x7 f, `+ \; d8 K9 z+ \4.5.1.1 Thermal Movement.......................................................................................................4-3
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4.5.1.2 Shrinkage and Creep.....................................................................................................4-4
) E! u2 i! o: P. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
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Vermont Agency of Transportation
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viii 2008VTRANS INTEGRAL ABUTMENT DESIGN GUIDELINE
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4.5.1.3 Total Allowable Movement..........................................................................................4-4
% d' f& Z3 U9 }5 s3 T& `4.5.1.4 Grade of Steel...............................................................................................................4-4
X0 \) n" K! }4.5.1.5 Pile Selection................................................................................................................4-4
8 c9 V* |* S& P7 J4.5.1.6 Pile Orientation.............................................................................................................4-9
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4.5.2 Pile Design............................................................................................................................4-9
1 x, S7 a; O: l) S& T6 C5 n% [4.5.2.1 L-Pile Software Analysis............................................................................................4-11
4 V, |# v' S% B2 J: f D4.5.2.1.1 Lateral Load at Pile Head.......................................................................................4-11
4 F, R, y! S9 m: {. Q$ x4.5.2.1.2 Pile Deflection and Moment..................................................................................4-11
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4.5.2.1.3 Unbraced Lengths..................................................................................................4-12
" `+ r& F4 c' x2 Q0 g4.5.2.1.4 Depth to Fixity.......................................................................................................4-12
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4.5.2.2 Combined Axial Compression and Flexure................................................................4-16
- _9 ?/ o4 E4 C. w5 T4.5.3 Pile Cap...............................................................................................................................4-16
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4.5.4 Wingwall Design..................................................................................................................4-16
/ |) j$ v2 j* i/ b0 f2 ^! \* _4.6 Project Notes and Special Provisions............................................................................................4-16
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4.7 Load Rating..................................................................................................................................4-16
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SECTION 5 Concrete Structures...................................................................................................................5-1
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5.1 General Information........................................................................................................................5-1
* p# L( x. _ _" ?7 x6 O2 T- T5.2 Prestress Superstructure Specific Details........................................................................................5-1
4 i' S T/ h4 A. c5.2.1 Voided Slab and Box Beam Bridge Decks............................................................................5-1
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5.2.2 Northeast Bulb-T (NEBT)......................................................................................................5-2
5 X, l3 x8 D$ a! m4 P, i7 L5.2.2.1 Cast-In-Place Concrete Slab Decks..............................................................................5-4
; g! Z' k1 E. r% Q8 J5.2.3 Design for Frame Action (Negative Moment) at Ends of Deck.............................................5-4
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SECTION 6 Steel Structures........................................................................................................................6-1
( T2 Z' L7 a1 ~: K2 n. ^1 W6 V- e6.1 General Information........................................................................................................................6-1
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6.2 Steel Girder Specific Details...........................................................................................................6-1
( W/ P5 N$ O* f0 q$ V& vSECTION 7 Aluminum Structures................................................................................................................7-1
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7.1 General Information........................................................................................................................7-1
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SECTION 8 Wood Structures.......................................................................................................................8-1
% n3 c( W X/ z8.1 General Information........................................................................................................................8-1
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SECTION 9 Deck and Deck Systems............................................................................................................9-1
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9.1 General Information........................................................................................................................9-1
z1 ^+ E8 B+ @1 S7 }SECTION 10 Foundations..........................................................................................................................10-1
6 L9 `9 T( _; B K* C10.1 Initial Considerations................................................................................................................10-1
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10.1.1 Geotechnical Exploration.....................................................................................................10-1
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10.1.2 Pile Design and Verification................................................................................................10-1
5 p9 \2 \/ X1 j6 y2 v+ p10.1.3 Required Information for Contract Documents....................................................................10-1
" |7 z9 n _- X! j: T# ?% c; G3 j' M10.2 Selecting a Pile for Integral Abutments....................................................................................10-1
& M5 V3 p$ B$ B. m* U" U10.2.1 Loads on Piles......................................................................................................................10-1
/ ^+ b6 L! E3 p' G( e10.2.2 Pile Cap Geometry...............................................................................................................10-2
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10.2.2.1 Number of Piles and Pile Spacing..............................................................................10-2
1 x* \* G' \. a" }& H2 N: f10.2.2.2 Pile Groups.................................................................................................................10-2
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10.2.2.3 Pile Length Requirement............................................................................................10-2
+ K* b' I/ b$ Q' E, i+ V10.3 Service Limit State....................................................................................................................10-2
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10.4 Strength Limit State..................................................................................................................10-2
; j G2 P3 o% f3 y3 W5 t: ^10.4.1 Nominal Structural Pile Resistance (NSPR)........................................................................10-3
" J2 f# k' P3 v' B0 D: n10.4.2 Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR)..............................................................................10-3
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10.4.3 Downdrag and Other Losses to Geotechnical Strength.......................................................10-3
) |2 U' n" C$ s7 d' R10.4.4 Strength Limit State Resistance Factors for Driven Piles....................................................10-3
: E' J! c; G! {. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
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Vermont Agency of Transportation
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
, r# x( J4 ]3 i r" z, X10.5 Pile Driving Analysis................................................................................................................10-4
$ D/ w0 Q5 ^* \* n- O) a6 f- O% _+ Q& ]10.5.1 Pile Driving Concerns..........................................................................................................10-4
- q2 l% w3 G& |) i10.5.2 Maximum Pile Driving Stress..............................................................................................10-4
2 u" c8 g/ J5 u# ~, u! K10.5.3 Nominal Pile Driving Resistance (NPDR)...........................................................................10-5
2 \' I9 O {9 ] H( u10.5.3.1 Verification of the Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR) in Compression............10-5
3 x; V0 }- S& e, r5 F8 ~# Q5 q10.5.4 Resistance Factors for Verifying the NAPR........................................................................10-5
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10.6 Design Steps for Piles...............................................................................................................10-6
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SECTION 11 Abutment, Piers and Walls....................................................................................................11-1
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11.1 General Information..................................................................................................................11-1
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SECTION 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners....................................................................................12-1
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12.1 General Information..................................................................................................................12-1
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SECTION 13 Railings................................................................................................................................13-1
5 t4 I2 ^; d; D' j2 C13.1 General Information..................................................................................................................13-1
M8 C% ^9 |8 |$ sSECTION 14 Joints and Bearings...............................................................................................................14-1
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14.1 General Information..................................................................................................................14-1
& {+ _- D7 C6 p: e$ T9 L" mSECTION 15 Summary..............................................................................................................................15-1
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SECTION 16 References............................................................................................................................16-1
4 _+ ]: g! g& X3 u16.1 General Information..................................................................................................................16-1
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16.2 Performance.............................................................................................................................16-1
% [( Q7 H7 D% \ }' K6 K5 n16.3 Design Issues............................................................................................................................16-2
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16.4 Analysis....................................................................................................................................16-2
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16.5 Approach Slabs.........................................................................................................................16-2
: r8 a: O3 v) Y/ ?5 ^% H- _( U16.6 Forces.......................................................................................................................................16-2
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16.7 State Manual References...........................................................................................................16-3
2 R/ Z5 U6 A) [) O6 _Appendix A Design Outline.............................................................................................................................1
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Appendix B Design Example...........................................................................................................................1
6 ]# G* V$ C4 ?Notes:..........................................................................................................................................................16-1
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