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5 U+ t" B" j2 `( i; R: T- G4 YIntegral Abutment Bridge Design Guidelines(92 Pages)
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Integral Abutment Bridge Design Guidelines.pdf
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& n" f& L; l: Q- l( y5 PTABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................................vii
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Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................xi
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SECTION 1 Introduction to Integral Abutment Bridges...............................................................................1-1
' K6 s3 e2 p5 G2 I2 u1.1 Integral Abutment Bridge................................................................................................................1-1
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1.2 Difference from Conventional Bridges............................................................................................1-1
2 V# u0 S4 G4 G$ V3 |1.3 Document Precedence.....................................................................................................................1-1
9 z3 O) V3 k! E9 ~1 ~/ j0 A1.4 Definitions......................................................................................................................................1-1
, x5 }4 c+ A$ i' a8 l* J1.5 Notation..........................................................................................................................................1-3
4 \2 f: p/ z- u4 L# BSECTION 2 General Design and Location Features.....................................................................................2-1
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2.1 First Choice.....................................................................................................................................2-1
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2.2 Structure Geometrical Criteria.........................................................................................................2-1
' H A6 x' T1 @$ i' A* P: ]2.2.1 Criteria for the Simplified Design Method.............................................................................2-1
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2.2.2 Detailed Design for Projects That Exceed the Criteria for Simplified Design......................2-2
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2.2.3 Semi-Integral, Jointed and Other Structural Alternatives......................................................2-2
! H' C. u3 M. T3 W1 Q2.3 Laying out the Bridge......................................................................................................................2-3
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2.3.1 Conventional Layout..............................................................................................................2-3
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2.3.2 Ideal Layout...........................................................................................................................2-3
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2.4 Hydraulic RequirementS.................................................................................................................2-5
; f% J* j: x. i' l ]# H( t2.4.1 Scour Considerations..............................................................................................................2-6
% ^1 T d: T0 L6 o2 J- U; Z2.4.2 Cofferdam Requirements.......................................................................................................2-6
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2.5 Geotechnical...................................................................................................................................2-6
% h' Z3 b1 o$ T0 ?( nSECTION 3 Loads........................................................................................................................................3-1
6 _7 D; R$ q( \! D( h" w( ^3.1 General Information........................................................................................................................3-1
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3.2 Application of Loads.......................................................................................................................3-1
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3.2.1 Construction Stage.................................................................................................................3-1
6 R& B# f6 Y+ R$ m+ h9 {1 ^3.2.1.1 Permanent Dead Loads on Pile Cap..............................................................................3-1
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3.2.1.2 Construction Dead and Live Loads...............................................................................3-1
1 q3 V& F/ G [( y3.2.1.3 Permanent Dead Load on Piles.....................................................................................3-1
4 q8 [2 S) b' \4 L# Q3.2.2 Final Stage.............................................................................................................................3-1
8 v/ T( c. A9 T$ J/ [, c: a3.2.2.1 Composite Permanent Dead Loads...............................................................................3-2
% r6 X% L6 L8 m2 Z& N$ I' |' k1 _3.2.2.2 Live Loads....................................................................................................................3-2
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3.2.2.3 Longitudinal Effects.....................................................................................................3-2
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3.2.2.4 Earth Loads...................................................................................................................3-2
1 D, k- n3 t) n* s. ySECTION 4 Structural Analysis and Evaluation...........................................................................................4-1
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4.1 General Information........................................................................................................................4-1
3 u& n1 f/ N, d3 H4.2 Structural Design Criteria................................................................................................................4-1
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4.3 Design Methodology......................................................................................................................4-1
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4.3.1 Simplified Design Method.....................................................................................................4-1
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4.3.2 Detailed Design......................................................................................................................4-2
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4.4 Superstructure.................................................................................................................................4-2
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4.4.1 Bridge End and Anchorage General Details..........................................................................4-2
2 Y. m- Q6 x2 N3 S/ w' \( F p" A4.5 Substructure....................................................................................................................................4-3
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4.5.1 Abutment Movement..............................................................................................................4-3
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4.5.1.1 Thermal Movement.......................................................................................................4-3
4 K- N, \5 G3 x2 \4.5.1.2 Shrinkage and Creep.....................................................................................................4-4
% J/ S. ?: O6 P+ N7 w. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
( m* a3 L! b2 D; EVermont Agency of Transportation
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viii 2008VTRANS INTEGRAL ABUTMENT DESIGN GUIDELINE
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4.5.1.3 Total Allowable Movement..........................................................................................4-4
1 h& i! H/ c; l- U4.5.1.4 Grade of Steel...............................................................................................................4-4
/ f# y& f" K. e6 {4.5.1.5 Pile Selection................................................................................................................4-4
7 T, T' Y5 Q& G& {5 z( W% q4.5.1.6 Pile Orientation.............................................................................................................4-9
4 g3 m6 e5 A _2 c3 Z2 Z4.5.2 Pile Design............................................................................................................................4-9
m% e( V) L7 U4.5.2.1 L-Pile Software Analysis............................................................................................4-11
) B; Y6 ^9 T/ f+ j4.5.2.1.1 Lateral Load at Pile Head.......................................................................................4-11
5 w) y# l0 j' U" w5 x; f4.5.2.1.2 Pile Deflection and Moment..................................................................................4-11
7 ]+ n3 H9 z6 {0 T! `& R" W; k4.5.2.1.3 Unbraced Lengths..................................................................................................4-12
V- ~0 ]& u% w4.5.2.1.4 Depth to Fixity.......................................................................................................4-12
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4.5.2.2 Combined Axial Compression and Flexure................................................................4-16
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4.5.3 Pile Cap...............................................................................................................................4-16
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4.5.4 Wingwall Design..................................................................................................................4-16
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4.6 Project Notes and Special Provisions............................................................................................4-16
7 Z$ a, ]9 e: o8 s C* X4.7 Load Rating..................................................................................................................................4-16
# C$ b& ]" V$ O, j1 F) b3 BSECTION 5 Concrete Structures...................................................................................................................5-1
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5.1 General Information........................................................................................................................5-1
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5.2 Prestress Superstructure Specific Details........................................................................................5-1
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5.2.1 Voided Slab and Box Beam Bridge Decks............................................................................5-1
# I- L; K2 B8 n7 \6 B" t* M5.2.2 Northeast Bulb-T (NEBT)......................................................................................................5-2
% P8 m+ \, X3 c0 u5.2.2.1 Cast-In-Place Concrete Slab Decks..............................................................................5-4
% S& n% h$ h4 O- c. b3 X5.2.3 Design for Frame Action (Negative Moment) at Ends of Deck.............................................5-4
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SECTION 6 Steel Structures........................................................................................................................6-1
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# X' w) C3 |9 V4 i+ {# m6 u6.2 Steel Girder Specific Details...........................................................................................................6-1
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SECTION 7 Aluminum Structures................................................................................................................7-1
; O# r1 n& l& K# L" q7.1 General Information........................................................................................................................7-1
2 a: s9 I9 T7 [& T. q. ^# J/ M9 lSECTION 8 Wood Structures.......................................................................................................................8-1
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8.1 General Information........................................................................................................................8-1
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SECTION 9 Deck and Deck Systems............................................................................................................9-1
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9.1 General Information........................................................................................................................9-1
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SECTION 10 Foundations..........................................................................................................................10-1
3 E: R7 Q4 h8 a3 u0 ?* J) G9 f/ h10.1 Initial Considerations................................................................................................................10-1
8 l2 \ g: [, k& l+ L' x m3 Q10.1.1 Geotechnical Exploration.....................................................................................................10-1
9 m, s/ L9 F8 F# Z) r" K6 G3 E10.1.2 Pile Design and Verification................................................................................................10-1
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10.1.3 Required Information for Contract Documents....................................................................10-1
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10.2 Selecting a Pile for Integral Abutments....................................................................................10-1
, {# R$ Z: Q5 b! X10.2.1 Loads on Piles......................................................................................................................10-1
+ O- @3 c7 f' I; }& K% W10.2.2 Pile Cap Geometry...............................................................................................................10-2
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10.2.2.1 Number of Piles and Pile Spacing..............................................................................10-2
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10.2.2.2 Pile Groups.................................................................................................................10-2
+ }/ `0 g& A7 k5 U: k# n7 q& o10.2.2.3 Pile Length Requirement............................................................................................10-2
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10.3 Service Limit State....................................................................................................................10-2
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10.4 Strength Limit State..................................................................................................................10-2
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10.4.1 Nominal Structural Pile Resistance (NSPR)........................................................................10-3
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10.4.2 Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR)..............................................................................10-3
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10.4.3 Downdrag and Other Losses to Geotechnical Strength.......................................................10-3
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10.4.4 Strength Limit State Resistance Factors for Driven Piles....................................................10-3
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. 2009 by the Structures Section, Program Development Division
$ T% u. M( |) \Vermont Agency of Transportation
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
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10.5 Pile Driving Analysis................................................................................................................10-4
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10.5.1 Pile Driving Concerns..........................................................................................................10-4
3 s7 X8 s5 h" i- G6 R9 _' M% A10.5.2 Maximum Pile Driving Stress..............................................................................................10-4
) h) L5 G4 c5 ]" ~3 a! X10.5.3 Nominal Pile Driving Resistance (NPDR)...........................................................................10-5
" [# x6 L c) O7 o; I% u10.5.3.1 Verification of the Nominal Axial Pile Resistance (NAPR) in Compression............10-5
3 f* H& u, z, t- B10.5.4 Resistance Factors for Verifying the NAPR........................................................................10-5
- \' n- D0 \, c% N: S10.6 Design Steps for Piles...............................................................................................................10-6
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SECTION 11 Abutment, Piers and Walls....................................................................................................11-1
, r/ U& u+ }2 J# H11.1 General Information..................................................................................................................11-1
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SECTION 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners....................................................................................12-1
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12.1 General Information..................................................................................................................12-1
/ D) h, O& o3 `6 C$ V$ v( F7 {SECTION 13 Railings................................................................................................................................13-1
7 r# \$ {4 \' o) p13.1 General Information..................................................................................................................13-1
, i, h5 G/ q( P2 C. k8 DSECTION 14 Joints and Bearings...............................................................................................................14-1
5 z! B) F" |" w* t" @14.1 General Information..................................................................................................................14-1
* M- S& U! d* z9 h& p# |" {SECTION 15 Summary..............................................................................................................................15-1
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SECTION 16 References............................................................................................................................16-1
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16.1 General Information..................................................................................................................16-1
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16.2 Performance.............................................................................................................................16-1
) p& _; |5 E x7 P+ S16.3 Design Issues............................................................................................................................16-2
: |5 p+ ?/ _2 ]8 c" [) J16.4 Analysis....................................................................................................................................16-2
9 y6 I; ]2 d# ?4 D2 Q! L16.5 Approach Slabs.........................................................................................................................16-2
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16.6 Forces.......................................................................................................................................16-2
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16.7 State Manual References...........................................................................................................16-3
5 P7 f8 n9 R b) @Appendix A Design Outline.............................................................................................................................1
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Appendix B Design Example...........................................................................................................................1
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Notes:..........................................................................................................................................................16-1
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