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哥本哈根蝴蝶桥—专为行人及自行车设计
桥梁是城市的新视角，展示着城市壮观的水景，是城市自然景观的构成元素。桥梁的朴素与城市的标志建筑形成鲜明对比。而专为步行和自行车设计的桥更是提供了最大限度的通透和轻盈之感。
From the architect. Bridges are places that offer new perspectives on the city, spectacular views of the water that reveal the cityscape. The bridges are elements that are part of the urban landscape in a natural way. Through their simplicities, they form a contrast with the monumental buildings. The bridges designated for pedestrians and cyclists offer a maximum of transparency and lightness.
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
这是一座专为行人和自行车设计的桥梁，特殊的地理位置要求其采用传统方式： 三个桥板连接不同的河畔，固定在一个共同的平台上，其中两个活动性桥板可打开让帆船通行。当两个通道在同一时间打开时，桥梁像一只巨大的蝴蝶，非常壮观。
The very specific situation demand an original form for this foot- and cycle bridge: Three decks connect the different banks. Fixed on a common platform, apron fixed the other two openings for passing sailboats. When both doors are open at the same time, they form a butterfly, a beautiful figure, which is spectacular for its size.
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
Floor Plan/平面图
蝴蝶桥横跨 Christianshavns运河 和 Trangraven 航道，采用三线性桥跨，在水面上呈星形。桥梁的设计方案结合了运河的独特情况。其中两个桥板可以独立打开。当可活动的桥板升起时，便自然形成壁垒，这意味着这座桥可始终让人们往来于Plads岛。
The link across Christianshavns Kanal and Trangraven is designed as three linear bridge spans that meet above the water’s surface in a star shape. The canal bridge design is adapted to the individual canal scenario. Two of the spans can be opened independently of each other. When the moving spans are up they serve as barriers which means that the bridge always functions to and from Islands Plads.
© Christian Lindgren
这座钢桥的主要结构由一个单腹板和连续T 梁构成。梯形梁延伸到整个大桥，主要是为保护密封焊接空心截面不被腐蚀。桥面由正交各向异性板组成。可活动部分的上部结构由两个独立桥翼组成，桥翼移动过程中不需要提供任何平衡支撑。桥翼打开后会产生 15 米的通道，从支点到桥翼顶端的长度则为 23.3 米。
The main structure of the steel bridge consists of a single-web, continuous T-beam. The beam web, which extends over the entire bridge, is built of a trapezoidal, for reasons of corrosion protection hermetically welded hollow section. The bridge deck is composed of an orthogonal anisotropic plate construction. The moveable superstructure is formed of two individual bridge flaps. A counterweight to support the process of motion is not provided. The clear opening width is 15 m, the length from the pivot point to the flap tip is 23.3 m.
Section/剖面图
桥梁断面的宽度为 7.9 米，截面高度从顶端到上部结构与液压缸结合处为 0.5 米至 1.7 米间。为了结构有效高度在液压缸附着点以上达到1.7 米，纵梁从转轴开始向上拓宽40 厘米。接近桥翼顶端的时候，结构高度在此减小至标准截面高度。液压缸的锚点到旋转轴的距离约 5 米。旋转轴和它的支撑结构是中央操作台的一部分。液压油缸安设在位于中心着陆的桩帽中。当通道关闭时，桥翼和对岸桥体拼接在一起。
The width of the bridge cross-section is 7.9 m and the cross-sectional height varies at the bridge top from 0.5 m to 1.7 m at the junction of the cylinder with the superstructure. The longitudinal beam widens from the axis of rotation starting at a width of 40 cm upwards in order to achieve the structural effective height of 1.7 m above the attachment point of the hydraulic cylinder. Towards the flap tip the construction height decreases again to pass to the standard cross-section. The anchor point of the hydraulic cylinder is about 5 m from the axis of rotation. The axis of rotation and its support are part of the central pedestal. The hydraulic cylinders are stored on the pile cap of the center landing. When closed, the flap tip rests on the opposite shore-side bridge.
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
桥翼的结构体系相对于带支持结构单跨梁来说处于封闭状态，它受限于一侧（平台），固定并支撑在另一侧 （岸边斜坡）。当通道处于打开状态时，桥翼相当于一个夹紧的悬臂梁。
The structural system of the bridge flaps corresponds in a closed state to a single-span beam with a supportive structure which is restrained on one side (platform side) and pinned and supported on the other side (ramp to the shore). In an open state the bridge flap corresponds to a clamped cantilever.
Section/剖面图
桥板厚度要根据结构和施工要求定制。空心框架由纵向和横向拱肋组成正交结构系统在外部支撑固定：
-纵向拱肋 150 毫米-200 毫米高与，400 毫米间距
-连续板的横梁截面高度从中心部分的500 毫米过渡至边缘部分150 毫米。
The plate thicknesses have to be rated according to structural and constructional requirements. The hollow box is peripherally braced with an orthogonal system, consisting of longitudinal and transverse ribs:
- Longitudinal ribs of 150 mm – 200 mm high plates with a spacing of 400 mm
- Transverse beams of uninterrupted plates with a varying cross-section height of 500 mm in the cross-sectional center to 150 mm at the section edge.
© Christian Lindgren
可活动桥翼上部结构末端和岸上连接坡道被设计成一个矩形中空的横梁。这座桥由弹性轴承支撑，并在移动过程中由一个定心元素将它带到中间适当的位置之上。当桥梁通道关闭时，两个油压缓冲装置提供除了弹性轴承外的支撑。弹性轴承、中心部件和缓冲器安装在悬臂固定在桥上的部分。陆上连接部分符合标准截面，有7.80 米的跨度和 2.60 米的悬臂。上部结构在水中由 V 型钢材对柱牢固连接。
At the respective ends of the movable bridge superstructure and at the column locations of the onshore connection ramp a rectangular hollow box is designed as an end cross beam. The bridge is supported by elastomeric bearings and is brought into the correct position by a centering element in the middle in the process of movement. When closing the bridge two Oleo buffers are provided in addition to the elastomeric bearings. The elastomeric bearing, the centering member and the buffers are mounted on a cantilever on the fixed part of the bridge. The onshore connection corresponds to the standard cross-section with a span of 7.80 m and a cantilever of 2.60 m. On the water side the superstructure rests firmly connected on the V-steel columns couple.
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
整个陆上连接部分轻盈又灵活，因此，当岸壁日常检修和将来北岸道路拓宽时，岸上坡道可以被轻松移动和调整。
The entire onshore connection is realized as a very light and removable design, so that in the event of a general overhaul of the existing shore walls and an envisaged widening of the road on the embankment beside the north abutment, the onshore ramp can be easily removed and modified.
Control Cabin/控制舱
与陆地连接的中央平台
两个枢轴和一个陆上连接装置由中央平台相连。刚性板结构由中间相连的中心腹板和固定桥梁横截面形状的外部边缘支撑系统组成。边缘支撑同样有 60 厘米高的中空截面。陆上连接部分的结构与桥梁上部结构对应。旋转轴的正下方以及陆上连接部分的下方支撑着三对 V 形的支柱。支撑结构和液压缸位于共同的桩帽上，从而形成了这座桥的固定点。陆上连接部分上部结构的储放室连接桥墩的地方由弹性滑动轴承组成。
Central platform with onshore connection
Two pivot axes and an onshore linkage are connected with the central platform. The rigid plate construction consists of the central webs of the bridge meeting in the middle and a peripheral edge support that holds the cross-sectional shape of the bridge. The edge support also has a hollow profile with a construction height of 60 cm. The onshore connection then corresponds to the rule profile of the superstructure. Directly below the axes of rotation, as well as under the bearing of the onshore connection, three pillar couples with V-shaped arranged columns are placed. Support and hydraulic cylinders are positioned on a common pile cap and thus form the fixed point of the bridge. The storage of the superstructure of the onshore connection to the abutment is made on elastomeric slide bearings.
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
© Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
Site Plan/场地平面图
建筑设计：Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes
项目地点：丹麦 哥本哈根
竞赛团队：Ulrike Gabriel, Tom Groser
项目规划团队负责人：Ulrike Gabriel
项目团队：Guillaume Buton
项目时间：2015年
摄影：Christian Lindgren, Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
工程：WTM ENGINEERS GMBH / Beratende Ingenieure im Bauwesen
空气动力研究：SCHIPPKE
造价：470000 欧元
Architects: Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes
Location: Prinsessegade 95, 1422 København K, Denmark
Competition Team: Ulrike Gabriel, Tom Groser
Project Team Leader Planning : Ulrike Gabriel
Project Team: Guillaume Buton
Year: 2015
Photographs: Christian Lindgren, Barbara Feichtinger-Felber
Engineers: WTM ENGINEERS GMBH / Beratende Ingenieure im Bauwesen
Aerodynamic Studies: SCHIPPKE
Cost: 4.7 M |
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